Pigmentation on the skin can be caused by a few different factors. Acute or chronic inflammatory, being sun damage and hormones are all contributors.

 

Essentially, we want to inhibit the production of melanocytes reducing the pigmented cells, reduce inflammation, and increasing cell turn over.

 

Sun damage: commonly known as sun spots, freckles, or hyper pigmentation. These spots come out as melanin clusters after years of our skin trying to protect ourself from the sun.

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Melasma: commonly referred to as a "pregnancy mask". Although it is not caused by just pregnancy, essentially it is caused by hormones and heat. Melasma looks similar to sun damage but covers a bigger surface area similar to a mask and less freckle like. Treated similarly but without the use of heat (ex. lasers)  Find the recommended to treat hyper pigmentation below.